problems / hadwiger-nelson-plane

Also in this folder: compute/

Walkthrough — hadwiger-nelson-plane

Discovery notes, not a cleaned proof. Beats: refs/walkthrough-style.md. Empty beats mean the campaign is not done.

  1. What was actually missing — The five-color obstruction in the published graphs is already tight. The missing degree of freedom is an additional exact unit-distance layer whose constraints cannot all be absorbed by the fifth color.

  2. Named false starts — A finite patch of one triangular lattice is always 3-colorable by (a,b)↦a−b(mod3)(a,b)\mapsto a-b\pmod 3. A six-color polygonal tiling of the whole plane is impossible by Sokolov–Voronov Theorem 2. Neither search family can contain the requested object.

  3. The useful failure — The tiling theorem separates the two meanings of “seven colors”: it closes ordinary polygonal mosaics but says nothing against a finite non-5-colorable unit-distance graph. The attack should stay on exact finite coordinates.

  4. The click — Parts' 509 graph and its ambient algebraic lattice are already independently parseable here. Applying the published rotation to the entire graph is the cheapest nontrivial test of whether another exact layer supplies the missing color pressure.

  5. The argument — Rotate every exact point of the Parts graph by ρ=(7+i15)/8\rho=(7+i\sqrt{15})/8, merge coincidences, and include every unit edge found by exact all-pairs comparison. Then try the denser finite reserve already enumerated in the same algebraic lattice. A five-coloring of the whole reserve union automatically colors every add-only subset, turning one SAT model into an exclusion of 26772^{677} candidate graphs.

  6. Computer search —

    graph vertices unit edges 5-color SAT independent replay
    G∪ρGG\cup\rho G 933 4,651 SAT exact Python + C coloring check
    GG plus 677 reserve points 1,186 7,440 SAT exact Python + C coloring check
    G∪ρG∪ρ2GG\cup\rho G\cup\rho^2G 1,357 6,860 SAT exact Python + C coloring check
    combined reserve and rotation family 2,010 11,766 SAT exact decomposition + C coloring check
    combined family plus ρ3G\rho^3G 2,434 13,975 SAT exact extension + C coloring check

    The attempt to regenerate the full lattice-disk universe exceeded the shared process memory. The finite 677-record source table was therefore copied into this folder and each retained exact coordinate was checked; the larger enumeration was not claimed as rerun.

  7. Proven vs still open — All five committed finite graphs are five-colorable. The largest stored model covers arbitrary deletion of base vertices as well as every subset of 1,925 distinct points from the combined reserve and four-layer rotation family. No six-chromatic finite unit-distance graph is proved. Later rotation layers, coordinates outside the retained reserve, deletion-and-replacement constructions, and the heptagonal/Golomb-derived families remain outside this finite exclusion.